The use of cluster bombs during the Russian-Georgian conflict in August 2008 has resulted in the death of 17 civilians on both sides. Countries around the world have banned the use of cluster bombs because of their potential harm to civilians. Cluster bombs do not necessarily explode on impact and can therefore remain partially buried under-ground. The risk of a bomblet exploding under the foot of an unaware civilian is high. This not only poses a threat to individuals but also potentially endangers crops thereby depriving families of a necessary source of sustenance.

Human Rights Watch has claimed that Russia intentionally used cluster bombs in areas populated by civilians. Such an action would be considered indiscriminate bombing and therefore in violation of international humanitarian law. It is yet to be established, however, whether Georgia specifically targeted civilian populations.

Human Rights Watch urges Russia and Georgia to sign the newly agreed Convention on Cluster Munitions that would prohibit the ‘use, production and trade of cluster munitions’. The supply by Israel – a non-member of the Convention – of cluster munitions to Georgia has been further criticized. It remains to be seen whether the Convention will have the effect sought and whether the two nations will adopt it.